Police in Totalitarian States in Crime Fiction (Part I)

On Monday I posted a review of Needle in a Haystack by Ernesto Mallo. The book caused me to think about the problems faced by police working in totalitarian states. In this post and Friday’s post I will be discussing books involving police officers in dictatorships moving from the 1930’s through the 1990’s.

In The Good German by Joseph Kanon one of the primary characters is a policeman who has been an officer during the Nazi rule before and during World War II. Through those years he has hunted criminals for a criminal regime. Is he a good German by chasing criminals for an evil cruel government? Another character, to stay alive, was a greifer, a Jew who found Jews hiding in Berlin.

Should a police officer serve a totalitarian state?

In Mark Mazower’s book, Hitler’s Empire – How the Nazis Ruled Europe the writer sets out how the existing police services before Nazi rule continued as police under the Nazis. While I am sure most dealt with ordinary crimes on occasion in Western Europe and, regularly in Eastern Europe, the regular police were involved in rounding up Jews. It was frightening to Child 44  read how many Eastern European police participated in the Holocaust.

by Tom Rob Smith is set in the U.S.S.R. in the early 1950’s where the nation is still caught up in the iron grip of Stalin. Secret Police officer, Leo Demidov, is shaken when he realizes that he is chasing a veterinarian who has sought to escape Russia when the veterinarian realizes he is under investigation for anyone the subject of a secret police investigation will be found guilty. Demidov suddenly perceives that many of the people he has pursued are not enemies of the state seeking to do harm to the U.S.S.R. Later he is in a Kafkaesque situation where the party line requires he not search for a serial killer of children because the socialist paradise could not have a serial killer. The police have been finding “undesirable” members of the nation guilty of the murders rather than acknowledge there is a serial killer.

What happens to a police officer when the suspect is always guilty and only certain people are criminals?

The officer is no longer an investigator solving crime in such circumstances. He or she has become a mere agent for the state disposing of unwanted or troublesome citizens. There is no objective search for criminals causing harm.

Needle in a Haystack is set in the late 1970’s in Argentina where the Junta is the governing dictatorship. The detective, Perro, is called to a crime scene where there are three bodies. Two of them are young people whose faces have been mutilated by multiple shots to the head. The third victim is a middle aged man who has been shot once in the stomach.

His investigation is immediately limited by the victims. He can investigate the murder of the middle aged man but only if it does not involve the other victims. The two young people have been killed by government death squads and the Junta prevents the police from investigating deaths it has caused.

What happens when the officer only investigates crimes not involving the state?

Respect for police and the Rule of Law is diminished when the police must close their eyes to vicious premeditated murder. Who could have confidence in the police in Argentina to investigate crime?

On Friday I will put up a post continuing the analysis through the 1980’s in the U.S.S.R. and Communist China in the 1990’s.

Needle in a Haystack by Ernesto Mallo

(4. - 637.) Needle in a Haystack by Ernesto Mallo – In the late 1970’s the Junta rules Argentina. The military is ruthlessly seeking out young Communist revolutionaries who are intent on overthrowing the government. Every night Falcon cars roll up to homes and soldiers take away suspected subversives. Most become the disappeared.

Superintendent Lascano, known as “Perro” (the Dog), is a weary veteran police officer. Deeply depressed by the unexpected death of his beloved Marisa, he drags himself into work each day. Her ghost haunts his night. I thought of Carl Mørck at the start of The Keepers of Lost Causes.

Major Giribaldi is a military officer in command of units who make young Argentines disappear. His home life is complicated because Maisabe, his wife, cannot conceive a child.

Amancio is a man accustomed by birth to a privileged life but the family money is gone and he has a demanding young wife of the highest maintenance.

When Lascano is sent to investigate three bodies dumped by a river he is intrigued by the body of an older man that was not one of the disappeared. He can instantly determine the difference as the two disappeared have their faces disfigured by multiple shots when executed. The third has died from a single shot to the abdomen.

Lascano pursues an investigation into the death of the older man. The police have been ordered not to investigate the deaths of any disappeared they might come across in Buenos Aires.

Gradually the paths of Lascano, Amancio and Giribaldi intersect in the course of the investigation. It is a time of incredible tension in Argentina. No one knows who the death squads will come for next by day and by night.

Mallo extensively develops the personalities of the characters. Each man is a real vivid person. Each is struggling with a relationship with a woman.

The book is unusual in putting sequences of conversation between two people in a long paragraph with the speakers, not continually identified, alternating statements, mostly 1 or 2 sentences at a time. Mallo also writes powerful moving descriptions. The following conversation between two women is an illustration of both aspects of the writing:

What does it feel like to be pregnant? Have you ever held a live bird in your hand? It’s like that, only in your blood.

           

Even though there is a simmering undercurrent of violence in Buenos Aires Mallo’s skill makes it a surprise when the blood starts flowing. I have tired of high body counts in American thrillers but it feels right in a book set in the time of the junta. I now have a sense of the constant dread that Argentines lived with during that vicious time.

           

The book is the first in a trilogy. I will be looking for the next in the series. I thank fellow blogger, Jose Ignacio, at the Game’s Afoot for recommending Mallo. (Jan. 18/12)

Resisting Hitler’s Empire

In my last post I reviewed Hitler’s Empire. Part of my interest in reading the book came from my experiences, during the past year, with a pair of Western European families about their actions when under the Nazi occupation.

The first example took place in central Denmark. A Danish lady said that her parents took in a young Jewish girl from Germany and hid her on their farm despite the risks of deportation to concentration camps if they had been discovered. There was no ideological basis to their action. They did not know her. They were not active politically. She was a girl in danger and they made her part of their family to save her life. Later in the war she made her way to Sweden with Danish Jews. Eventually she emigrated to the U.S. She was the only member of her family to survive the Holocaust.

Mazower talks about Danish resistance being so low key that as of 1943 not a single German soldier stationed in Germany had even been attacked. Instead, I think of this family, resisting German goals to exterminate the Jews of Europe. In Eastern Europe there was far greater military resistance to the Germans but also far greater local co-operation in the Nazi campaign to eradicate Jews.

The second story involved a young Dutch woman, just out of high school in 1940, working for the local telephone company. She was recruited by the resistance to alter the birthdates on identity documents of young men to save them from being taken to German for slave labour. On one occasion she was almost forced into hiding when a young man whose document she had altered was taken into custody. During the last winter of the war, forced to wear a winter coat to work because there was no heat, her chilled hands botched the alteration of a document and she had a nervous breakdown as she worried about the consequences for that young man. She recovered and, on the day the Canadians were to take over her town, she walked to work at the request of the resistance despite German warnings anyone found in public would be shot. Over 65 years later she still regretted not trying to hide a Jewish girl earlier in the war she knew who was subsequently killed in a concentration camp. The Dutch woman I met never fired a gun or set a bomb but she resisted resolutely the occupation of her country.

Mazower sets out that the resistance in Western Europe had no impact on the Wehrmacht or Germany’s economy. Danish produce flowed smoothly into German. Dutch manufactured goods were supplied to the Reich until the Netherlands was invaded by the Allies. The book discusses how often politicians, civil servants, police and industrialists co-operated, even collaborated, with the Nazis in keeping the Nazi war machine operating through the war. It outlines how the Holocaust was aided by ordinary citizens.

Yet Mazower does recognize there was resistance by average people when he stated:

“Yet it will not do to reduce the resistance to a question of military accounting. For most of those involved it was a question of pride, and a demonstration that the rule by force had not succeeded in crushing the spirit of freedom.”

Hundreds of thousands of Europeans were killed or deported to concentration camps for participating in different forms of resistance to Nazi rule.

The Danish farm family and the Dutch lady acted against two of the worst Nazi programs – the genocide of the Jews and the slave labour deportations. They quietly defied the Nazis. Their humanity was not extinguished by occupation. They did what was right. Their bravery is striking.

Since hearing their stories and reading Mazower’s book I wonder what I would have done during such an occupation. I hope I would have been like the Danish family and the Dutch lady. After hearing the Dutch lady’s story at our local Rotary club I wrote a letter, signed by all the club members, expressing our thanks for her actions and our admiration for what one woman could do when faced with an occupying army.

Hitler’s Empire – How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower

             (3. – 635.) Hitler’s Empire – How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower – A comprehensive examination of Nazi actions behind the lines during and after their conquest of Western Europe and far into Eastern Europe. From politics through administration through industry through agriculture through movements, often forced, of people through distribution of food Mazower examines Nazi rule.
            He starts well prior to WW II. There was ethnic cleansing in both Germany and Poland after WW I with active persecution on both sides of the border.

            The Germans sought to increase the number of Germans in border areas while forcing out Poles. There was a systematic effort in the newly created Poland to push Germans out of their properties and marginalize and make life difficult for them. Hundreds of thousands of Germans left Poland. Yet they did not swell the eastern German population for hundreds of thousands of Germans also moved to western Germany from eastern Germany.

            When the Nazis came to power in Poland and vast areas of Eastern Europe through conquest a far more ruthless and comprehensive plan was enacted in the East with regard to the Slavs.
            It did not matter what the economic consequences were for Germany. For Nazi leadership the War in the East was a racial war. Jews were to be eliminated. Almost 2 million Russian prisoners of war were allowed to die of starvation or disease. The remaining Slavs were effectively to become German slaves. It was a brutal and horrific approach.
            Once in power there were efforts to Germanize populations. As part of the process the Reich brought back 800,000 ethnic Germans from German speaking areas outside Germany.
            The process of Germanization began in the Czech Republic. It did not happen as quickly as the Nazis anticipated. Even the amphibians (individuals with Czech and German parents) were slow to choose to become German.
            In Poland there was a far more coercive program to Germanize the area. Over 600,000 farms were seized from Polish farmers in the Warthegau, one of the areas of western Poland annexed by Germany, and some 500,000 ethnic Germans settled in the area.
            Still there were far too few clearly German people to populate the areas taken in the East. Hundreds of thousands of partially German Poles were identified as eligible to be re-Germanized to move forward in the goal of Germanization. Only when attempts at colonization further east descended into chaos and fierce resistance did efforts to Germanize lands cease during the war.
            It was chilling to read the plans to Germanize huge areas in Eastern Europe when the war was over. It was clear to those residing under German occupation that the Holocaust against the Jews might very well be extended to them.
            Germany was not alone in ethnic cleansing during WW II. Its Allies eagerly expelled hundreds of thousands of people both from their existing territory and acquired lands. In support of Magyarization thousands of Serbs and Romanians were forced from Hungary. Pursuing the dream of Greater Bulgaria saw Bulgaria send thousands of Greeks out of northern Greece. Romania pushed some Ukrainians from the southern Ukraine and made a major effort to rid Romania of gypsies.
            In their racial war the genocide of the Jews was the primary goal of the Nazis. In killing Jews they most successful in the East. In Poland and the U.S.S.R. they killed the vast majority of Jews. From Western Europe they sent many thousands of Jews east but were somewhat restricted by governments making the issue of Jewish deportation a matter of national sovereignty. The Reich’s Allies (Italy, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria) also limited their co-operation.
            Overall, Nazi governance was dysfunctional. Within the Reich there were Hitler’s personally appointed Gauleiters, a new form of aristocracy. They were his local equivalent following his personal approach to governance. Trying to carry out their regular government functions were the existing civil servants. Competing with both civil administrations was the ever expanding SS. There were no cabinet meetings of German ministers after 1938.
            In Western Europe the Nazis made huge demands on the occupied lands for manufactured goods and food.  Only Denmark, which had not resisted German invasion, was treated differently. At the same time Goring was thwarted in seizing control of Western European companies by the German industrial establishment working with their counterparts in Belgium, the Netherlands and France.
            The Nazis made sure Germans were fed better than any other Europeans. In the West rations were tolerable. In the East most were on the edge of starvation.
            The Rule of Law creates stability. Hitler despised laws and lawyers. A revolutionary at heart he considered the law to whatever he decreed.
            Before reading the book I had not understood the depths of German exploitation, cruelty and murderous actions in the lands east of Germany after conquest. I better see the reasons for the fury of the Russian onslaught on Germany.

While the Nazis recruited thousands of young men in Western Europe eager to fight the Bolsheviks the racial policies of the party prevented it from gaining the hundreds of thousands of soldiers it could have gained from Poland, Belorussia, the Ukraine and the Baltic states. Only when defeat was looming did they bring Slavs into their armies.

They could have had important additional allies join the war such as Spain and the Muslims of the Middle East but Hitler would not commit to sharing conquered lands with them.

Opposition to the Germans was muted except in the East where Nazi oppression left the Poles and Russians with little to lose by armed resistance. In Western Europe it took the brutal drives for workers being sent to the Reich to provoke real resistance. Even then attacks were limited.

The Nazis could have relieved their shortage of workers without dragooning foreign workers by bringing large numbers into the industrial work force as occurred in England, Canada and the U.S. While not discussed by Mazower, ideological considerations favoured keeping women in the home. Once again the Nazis rigid emphasis on its principles meant chronic worker shortages persisted and opposition grew quickly.

In dealing with opposition the Nazi adoption of vicious reprisals, killing large numbers of civilians, in response to attacks maintained a sullen peace in Western Europe. There were no “hearts and minds” campaigns by the Nazis. Violent responses to resistance actions gradually produced stronger resistance groups.

Mazower sets out the consequences for Germany losing the war. As the Allies smashed into Germany there were 4.8 million German deaths in the last 9 months of the war against 2.8 German dead in the first 4 ½ years of WW II.

            When the war ended the nations of Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, conducted the largest ethnic cleansing in European history forcing millions of Germans west out of their countries. These Slavic nations, having seen how the Nazis exploited the presence of ethnic German minorities and how these Germans acted during the war, were determined to ensure there would never be future ethnic German enclaves in their countries.

Mazower’s far reaching look at Nazi rule in Europe emphasized to me, probably more than any other book, how Hitler’s concepts of German national superiority and the racial superiority of Western Europeans and hatred of the Jews governed, not merely guided, his empire. As Ian Keegan demonstrated in his biography of Hitler all decisions flowed from Hitler. Even when his principles were contrary to the best interests of Germany economically or militarily or politically Hitler never wavered. Had the Reich won WW II Europe would have been a grim continent with all decisions made for the benefit of Germany. Europe would have been used to serve Germany.

It is an excellent work of history. Mazower skillfully explains what happened in Europe behind the front lines. (Jan. 15/12)

(On Saturday I will discuss the actions of two European families I have met with regard to the issue of resistance to Nazi occupation.)       

A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry

19. - 482.) A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry – The first 250 pages about life for the poor in Bombay and rural India was interesting. Gradually Mistry cast a spell for the characters were so credible that you became an invisible observer of their lives. The lives of the untouchable rural tailors, Ishvar and Omprakash, the urban tailor, Dina, and the hill student, Macek, intertwine as they struggle to simply stay alive in Bombay. I was shocked to learn how badly the untouchables and poor of India were treated in the mid-1970’s. I thought it might have been a modern Kim (review number 194) but there is none of Kim’s romantic roaming. The perseverance Mistry’s characters show against overwhelming odds is inspiring and humbling. I found myself reading faster and faster as I had to know what happened next in their lives. Mistry neither exaggerates nor makes overt social commentary. His descriptions are adequate but neither flamboyant nor overdone. His narrative was so powerful at times I almost cried. He lets the story lead us to reflect on the cruelty of castes and the absolute corruption through the nation. Ajit had always told me India was very corrupt. I had always assumed he might have overstated the situation. I now believe he understated. How lucky I am to be born in Canada. I can understand the praise showered on the novel. It is one of the few novels that I will think about for a long time. With 807 pages I think the process of dividing into two volumes from a generation ago was a good idea. The movie Australia was a grand movie saga. A Fine Balance is a grand tale on paper. (May 25/09)

The Will of the Tribe by Arthur Upfield (1962)

       2. – 634.) The Will of the Tribe by Arthur Upfield (1962) – Napoleon “Bony” Bonaparte is in the remote reaches of northwest Australia in the vicinity of the Kimberley Mountains. He has been called to investigate the death of an unidentified white man found in the centre of Lucifer’s Couch, a crater formed from a meteorite crashing into the earth. (In real life it is the Wolf Creek Meteorite Crater. An aerial photo of the crater and a photo of the wall of the crater are included in this post.)

       Unlike other Bony investigations the authorities are less interested in finding the killer than in determining how this man reached the area unnoticed. Thus the book is a most unusual twist on the locked room mystery. Here the body is found in the middle of a room consisting of thousands of square miles of territory. How did he get there? He had to travel hundreds of miles to reach the crater. A horse or a vehicle would have drawn attention. A plane would have had to fly from an airport. It is impossible to see a white man travelling the vast spaces on foot without ample supplies.

       Bony settles in at the Deep Creek cattle station with Kurt and Rose Brentner and their two daughters, Hilda and Rosie. Among those working at the station are Tessa and Captain, members of the local aborigine tribe who have been educated and given responsible positions at the station.

       The book, one of the last Bony books, is the most challenging of the Bony mysteries I have read because of its treatment of the aborigine characters.

       The white characters definitely consider themselves superior. While no longer acceptable by the early 1960’s, the book makes clear it was not long before that time that it was acceptable for a white man to thrash an aborigine he considered disobedient.

       The attitudes, particularly of the white people, felt accurate to me. I can well remember as a child in Canada 50 years ago the way Indian people were generally looked down upon by white society.

       The aborigines of the area are divided into three groups. The wild blacks are some distance away in the desert. The station blacks are dependent on the station while living in their own camp. The educated aborigines, Tessa and the Captain, live at the station.

       It is an era of transition. The lifestyle of the wild blacks is gradually being eroded. Official Australia would like to see the aborigines assimilated into the white population. The same approach was in place in Canada at that time. For decades it was our Federal Government’s policy to assimilate the Indian peoples of Canada with white Canadians.

      Yet the book is far subtler than the surface portrayal of white discrimination and condescension. Bony, half white and half aborigine, has strong opinions on such matters as inter-racial marriage, aborigine connections with tribe and education of aborigines. How should the aborigines adjust to the vast white population that has taken over their continent? Should they assimilate? Should they seek to remain distinct? I found myself thinking more about the questions of culture and race than the mystery.

      While I became involved in the societal issues raised the book is focused on solving a “locked room” mystery. For the vast open spaces needed to create the “locked room” it could only have been set in Australia or Canada or Russia or Antarctica.

      The book is tied to the countryside and the people of Australia. Bony makes good use of his tracking skill and ability to question white and aborigine witnesses.

       It is a good mystery which left me thinking not only about the treatment of indigenous people 50 years ago but how the same issues are being addressed today. (Jan. 5/12)

Thoughts on Questions and Answers with David Rotenberg

            Making the hero a Canadian rather than an American when part of the story is set in the United States is so uncommon I do not think I have read another mystery with a comparable hero. Had he not already had a successful series I expect David would have been pushed hard to make Decker an American.

            Decker displays a trait common to Canadians. He is knowledgeable about America. Canadians normally do not find the converse true. To take a simple example where almost all Canadians can identify the American President, there is a much smaller percentage of Americans able to name Canada’s Prime Minister.

            I agree with David’s statement that Canadians are outsiders to the United States. I go further to state that we could hardly be a sovereign land if we were not outsiders to America.

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            On Decker being a thriller hero substituting brain power for brawn and weapons I admire David’s decision. In his latest book, Junkyard Dogs, Craig Johnson has his hero, Sheriff Walt Longmire, actually physically challenged by the accumulation of his injuries. It was uncommon enough fictional recognition of the consequences of repeated injuries for me to take note.

It is hard for me to recall another thriller hero who “understands the diminishing returns of violence”. It is tiring to read of fictional heroes being battered about and then swiftly rising again to smite the bad guy. At times I think there is evolving a new rule for thrillers that it cannot be a thriller without a massive body count.

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            At the core of what makes the book interesting is the presence of the synasthetes. It is intriguing to read of individuals with exceptional, almost unworldly talents. Daniel Tammet is an amazing individual with special gifts in mathematics and languages. Seeing numbers in colours, shapes and sizes is beyond my comprehension. Learning conversational Icelandic in a week is even more amazing. His website is optimnen.com.uk.

The reference to the inspiration for the movie, Rainman, was to Ken Peek. His photographic memory allowed him to recall the contents of at least 12,000 books! Since he started memorizing just before he was 2 years old he was averaging 217 books a year for the remaining 56 years of his life. How many bloggers can even remember all the books they read a year ago? Decker is more socially adept than most synasthetes.

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For non-Canadian readers CSIS is the Canadian Security and Intelligence Service. Certainly they could use a truth teller as much as America’s NSA.

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On David’s simple answer that his hero has a family because he is a father and he has a son is logical. I am sure most thriller writers are parents yet their heroes infrequently have families.

As evident by recent posts I have long been interested in the issue of sleuths and families especially the increase in characters with families. David puts the reasoning in favour of families at its most direct. Everyone has a family.

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            I enjoy sagas. Stieg Larsson’s trilogy was great partly because of the ongoing story lines through the three books. While not expressed to be a set Louise Penny’s most recent books in the Inspector Gamache series are close to being a saga with the ongoing plots.

Questions and Answers with David Rotenberg

On Monday I posted my review of The Placebo Effect by David Roteberg. Today I join the blogger tour for the book. I thank David for his frank and interesting answers. I invite readers to check out further stops on the blogger tour through the links at Simon & Schuster. My Questions and Answers with David are:

1.) Why a Canadian action hero in a book that bounces between Canada and the United States? My reading experience would generally have the hero an American if the series was even partially placed in the United States.

Having the lead character as a Canadian allows a perspective on America that often Americans don’t have. I lived in the United States for many years. My wife is a Puerto Rican American. Both of my kids are dual citizens. One lives in the States; the other has the knee jerk hatred of America that is pretty common here.

Our relationship with the elephant down there is pretty darned important for us to understand past the knee jerk stuff. Hence, start in Toronto and work south. I was born and raised in Toronto, although I left for 15 years I’ve been back for 22, and this is the first I’ve been able to write about Toronto. Although, to be honest, it’s more about the Junction than Toronto.

Your insight is true, and there are times that publishers want to push for American Heroes. Decker’s an outsider, we as Canadians are outsiders to the world’s most powerful entity, crumbling as it may be.

2.) I have been reading a number of new thriller series this year including Michael Harvey’s Third Rail and Noah Boyd’s The Bricklayer. Both feature strong powerful physically aggressive characters with Boyd’s sleuth, Steve Vail, also being a thoughtful analytical hero. Decker Roberts lacks both brawn and skill with weapons. Why was Decker created with his mind his primary resource?

Partially because he’s an outsider. Partially because I’ve got pretty sick of cops and sleuths altogether. How many times can a guy be hit on the back of the head and get back up on his feet and continue? Talk to Mr. Crosby about hits to the head.

Decker in fact doesn’t like police officers of NSA people. He’s a loner who’s used his head to keep ahead of the inherent violence all around him. He’s not a weakling or a coward; he just sees and understands the diminishing returns of violence.

Yeah, we created drone planes to attack terrorist sites-and lots of folks are cheering this-but-surely the bad guys will eventually get hold of that access to violence. Then where will anyone be safe?

3.) Where does your interest in synaesthetes come from?

I’ve always written about people with special abilities, the five Zhong Fong novels are about a man with exceptional talent in a world where special talents are not honored. When I directed the first Canadian play in the People’s Republic of China the first thing the Artistic Director of that theatre said to me was, “You must remember that you can always be replaced”-a fine hello, how was your flight!

Synesthesia simply gives and access to the ‘other.’ There is a lot of material on synesthesia; some of the most interesting is actually the documentary on Mr. Tammet and his extraordinary abilities. There is also a gentleman called the human camera, you can find YouTube stuff on both, and BBC documentaries. As well Mr. Tammet has an interesting book.

Rainman was based loosely on the man who Mr. Tammet thought of as his spiritual father-he passed away a few years back.

4.) In doing a little research on synaesthetes I found only references to individuals who have such traits as seeing colors when they view letters. Is there a source on the net for particulars of synaesthetes such as Decker with the gift of divining the truth?

See above

5.) Is there a reason why the Canadian government, especially CSIS, was not seeking out Decker to enhance our country’s security by using his talents to assess truth telling?

I’ve tinkered with this, but there are only so many enemies for Decker. The collusion of CSIS with the NSA is hinted as in the chapter at Pearson airport. Thanks, this might be a worthwhile place for me to put some thought.

6.) It is rare for a thriller hero to have children let alone a child, Seth, with a difficult relationship with the hero. What took you to giving Decker an adult child in a real relationship with his father?

I’m a father, I have a son. 

7.) The book had a significant number of unresolved issues such as the future of Seth. The book is described as the first in the Junction Chronicles. Is the book intended to be read as part of a set of books with individual book plots set within an overall plot fully unfolding over a series of books in the same way Stieg Larsson created the Millennium Trilogy?

Yes

If so, why did you write a multi-book plot?

The baseball season is a multi-plot book. Tolstoy is a multi-plot book. All the major HBO series are multi-plot books. Just seemed the right time to write something that people would look forward to year after year.

(My review of The Placebo Effect was posted Monday. On Friday I will post thoughts on Questions and Answers with David.)